Differences in Stress Distribution and Initial Displacement for Correction of Mesiopalatal Rotation of Maxillary First Molar Using Toe-In Bend Method: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Aim: To analyze differences in stress distribution and initial displacement for correction of mesiopalatal rotation of maxillary first molar using toe-in bend method with varying angles through three-dimensional finite element analysis.
Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of the maxilla with orthodontic appliances was constructed using CBCT scans. Toe-in bends with angles of 90°, 115°, 130°, 145°, 160°, and 175° were simulated on a 0.016" stainless steel wire. Stress distribution in the tooth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, as well as initial displacement along X, Y, and Z axes, were analyzed using ANSYS software. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc tests (p<0.05).
Results: Significant differences in stress distribution and initial displacement were found between angle groups (p<0.05). Stress and displacement decreased as toe-in bend angle increased. Angles of 145°-175° produced more favorable biomechanical effects.
Conclusion: There are differences in the stress distribution on the teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, as well as initial displacement along the X, Y, and Z axes, which are linear in nature. As the angle increases, the distribution of stress and displacement decreases.

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