Egyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X30December 200620061201The pattern of malocclusion among a sample of Saudi orthodontic patients in Jeddah1127925310.21608/eos.2006.79253ENZuhair AMurshidDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, Orthodontic Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20060726recognized. Previous researchers have shown that there is an increase demand for orthodontic treatment; however those reports were limited to the districts where they were performed, and were affected by life style in these areas, however, none of these studies was performed in the western province. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of malocclusion and arch form in the permanent dentition among Saudi Arabian patients in Jeddah, to serve as a database for more successful orthodontic treatment. Malocclusion was evaluated based on Angle’s Classification, also arch form was studied based on Ovoid (average), Taper (narrow) and Square (broad) shape arches. The investigated sample was 84 males and 93 females with mean age of 15.3 and 15.0 year for males and females respectively. The results of the study indicated that among males Angle Class II is the most prevalent type. In the lower arch, Ovoid shape was the most prevalent arch form, while narrow shape was the most prevalent arch form in the upper arch in all subjects (percentage was higher in males). Dental midline shift and crowding were the most prevalent variables among malocclusal features especially in femalesEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X30December 200620061201A study of frictional resistance generated from different leveling arch wires through self-ligating speed brackets in the dry state13197924710.21608/eos.2006.79247ENAhmed E ASalamaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Girls Branch, Al Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptGhadaEl MehyDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20060807The frictional resistance (FR) of the speed brackets was studied among different types of leveling arch wires of 0.014" gauge including, plane stainless steel (S.S.), S.S. with vertical loop, multistranded and nitinol arch wires. These arch wires were configurated into a simulated U-shaped arch form to be fitted into a dental arch mould carrying a full upper set of the tested bracket under the dry state. Ten arch wires of each group were tested using the Universal Testing Machine. The statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference among the tested group. (SS.) with vertical loop arch wire showed the least amount of (FR) followed by Plane (S.S.), then multi stranded arch wire and lastly nitinol arch wire showed the highest (FR).Egyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X30December 200620061201Association between malocclusion and signs of temporomandibular dysfunction in female adolescents21337925210.21608/eos.2006.79252ENRabab MFeteihDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, Orthodontic Division, King Abdul Aziz Univeristy, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20060726The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between the different morphologic occlusal characteristics and signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in female adolescents (n = 410) in the permanent dentition. The registration included morphologic occlusion and TMD clinical signs: TMJ sound, TMJ pain, muscle tenderness, restricted opening and opening deviation. The results showed that one or more clinical signs were recorded in 25.6% of the subjects. TMD was associated significantly with posterior crossbite, anterior crossbite, functional shift and midline shift. No association was found between TMD and molar relationship, overjet, overbite and crowding. INTRODUCTIOEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X30December 200620061201Evaluation of caries susceptibility after interproximal enamel reduction35397925110.21608/eos.2006.79251ENMohamed S M SFaragDepartment of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAhmed E ASalamaDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Girls Section, Al Azhar University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20060901Studies of the caries susceptibility of stripped proximal surfaces have produced some what varying results. We aimed in this study to highlight on the effect of anterior interproximal enamel reduction on caries susceptibility and to evaluate if topical application of fluoride is needed or not. This study was conducted on 28 patients with mean age 13.3 + 0.74 years. They were all caries free with good gingival condition. They were divided into 4 equal groups; group 1: had no orthodontic treatment, group 2: had fixed orthodontic treatment without interproximal reduction, group 3: had fixed orthodontic treatment after anterior interproximal reduction and group 4: had fixed orthodontic treatment after anterior interproximal reduction followed by topical application of sodium fluoride. They were all instructed to follow proper oral hygiene methods. It was found that there was no caries development in the four groups till the end of the 3 years follow up period. It was concluded that well controlled interproximal enamel reduction may not be a caries risk factorEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X30December 200620061201Is it worth to reuse nitinol arch wires?41597924910.21608/eos.2006.79249ENHala MAbdel MajeedOrthodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptAhmed E ASalamaOrthodontic Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, El Azhar University, Girls Branch, Cairo, EgyptDina HMostafaBiomaterials Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20060807Objective: Is to investigate the effect of different methods of sterilization (autoclave sterilization, cold chemical disinfection solution (CIDEX) and gas sterilization) on the bending properties of nickel titanium arch wires. The surface roughness and the elemental analysis measurements of the passive layer were also performed to verify if it is possible to reuse these sterilized nickel titanium arch wires. Material and Methods: Seventy nickel titanium arch wires were used: ten control specimens (unused and unsterilized group). Thirty specimens unused, of which each ten specimens were subjected to a different method of sterilization: a- Autoclave. b- Cold chemical disinfection solution using CIDEX. c- Gas sterilization. The last thirty specimens were clinically used and subjected to the three methods of sterilization previously mentioned. All specimens were tested under three point loading test using a universal testing machine with a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/mn. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyze in three-dimension the surface topography and the surface roughness (Ra) of the alloy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was used to identify quantitatively and qualitatively the elements present on the surface of the nickel titanium arch wires. Results: Comparing the control group with the unused sterilized arch wires; it was found that there were insignificant differences in the maximum bending strength, maximum deflection property and the modulus of elasticity between the control group and the unused autoclave and gas sterilized arch wires. There was a significant drop in the modulus of elasticity of the unused sterilized arch wires disinfected with cold chemical solution (CIDEX). Comparing the control group with the clinically used sterilized arch wires as well as, the unused with the clinically used sterilized arch wires, it was found that a statistically significant high maximum bending strength of the clinically used autoclave and gas sterilized arch wires groups from the control group. The maximum deflection property and the modulus of elasticity showed insignificant results. The AFM image of nickel titanium surfaces indicates increase in roughness and change in surface topography of the passive layer after cold chemical disinfection solution. The EDX analysis results showed that the elements of the outermost surface of the passive film on all nickel titanium arch wires were all the same after different methods of sterilization. Conclusions: 1- It is worth to reuse the nickel-titanium arch wires due to its high cost. 2- Autoclave and gas sterilization did not affect the nickel titanium alloy. 3- Chemical sterilization may alter the topography of nickel titanium alloy and consequently affects its bending property. 4- Mechanical forces during the usage affect the maximum bending strength of arch wires.Egyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X30December 200620061201Egyptian prediction chart for mixed dentition analysis using Moyers method61777925010.21608/eos.2006.79250ENMohamed EEl KattanFaculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptNevineWalyDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptFatmaEl ShehabyDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20060826The purpose of this study was to evaluate Moyer’s prediction chart, by application of this chart on Egyptian sample, and to develop an Egyptians prediction chart based on the Egyptian background. 318 upper and lower study casts of patients ranging in age between 13-18 years were collected from the records of Orthodontic department Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. The misiodistal widths of the upper and lower incisors, and the upper and lower canine and premolars were measured by boley gauge graduated to the nearest 0.1 mm. Also the perimeters of the upper and lower arches were measured between the mesial surfaces of the first permanent molars along the arch, by the segmented technique. From the results of this study the following conclusion can be drawn: 1. Moyer’s prediction chart was found to be not applicable to the Egyptian sample under the 75% probability level. 2. The Moyer’s chart overestimated the misiodistal widths of the upper and lower canine and premolars. 3. the probability confidence levels of Moyer’s chart (5-35%) were found to be the nearest prediction figures to the Egyptian sample.