Egyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X49June 201620160601Quantification of osteocyte apoptosis during experimental tooth movement as revealed by immunohistochemistry of Caspase 31107868110.21608/eos.2016.78681ENHassanKassemDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.ImanTalaatDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityAfafEl SawaDepartment of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitHananIsmailDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.AbbasZaherDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University.Journal Article20160127 <br /> <span> </span><em>Objective: To investigate the time course of osteocyte apoptosis in a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement as revealed by the caspase-3 activation pathway. Materials and Methods: Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats (6–9weeks old) were loaded with an orthodontic appliance. A spring delivering 10–12 g of force was placed between the maxillary first molar and the incisor to displace the first molar mesially. The animals were equally divided into three time points: 24 hours, 3 and 7 days of orthodontic loading. Five animals served as 0 day group. Caspase 3 immunostaining, was performed on histologic sections of the first molars. The labeling was quantified in osteocytes on the mesial and distal sides of the alveolar bone in each group. Results: Caspase 3 labeling at the mesial side significantly increased at 1, 3 and 7 days after orthodontic loading compared to the control group. No peak increase was observed. There was no significant difference in caspase 3 labeling at the distal side. Conclusions: Osteocyte apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement could be revealed by caspase 3 immunostaining. This suggest that caspase 3 apoptotic pathway is involved in osteocyte death during orthodontic tooth movement.</em>https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78681_4ca927178e8dca0013fede7290a5fa02.pdfEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X49June 201620160605Digital evaluation of changes in occlusion due to oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea11277868210.21608/eos.2016.78682ENHanyEidFaculty of Dentistry, Miser University for Science and Technology, 6th of October city, Egypt.HatemSaifeldinFaculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0002-3542-4570Journal Article20160121Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the changes in occlusion caused by dental side effects of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome compared with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Methods: Twenty cases (n=20) over 20 years of age and diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) (apnea–hypopnea index AHI >5) based on polysomnography were selected and randomized for either Mandibular advancement splint (MAS) (n10) or a tongue stabilizing device (TSD) (n10) therapy. Tested and compared dental side effects in both groups of patients treated with oral appliances versus control group (n10) composed of OSAS patients elected to be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). From all patients, dental impressions were obtained an digitally scanned at baseline and after 6 months of treatment to digitally determine variables related to dental changes and occlusion. Mean and standard deviation were used for summarizing data. Student's t test was used for testing significant results between two sample means; paired t test was used for testing significant results between mean values for the same individuals before and after intervention. Significant results were considered if p<0.05, high significant results were considered if p<0.01. Results: Oral appliance therapy showed small but significant dental changes compared with CPAP. In the MAS group, overbite and overjet decreased 1.2 (±1.1) mm and 1.5 (±1.5) mm, respectively. Furthermore, we found a significantly larger antero–posterior change in the occlusion (−1.3±1.5 mm) compared to the CPAP group (−0.1±0.6 mm). In addition, in all groups, a significant decrease in number of occlusal contact points in the premolar region was found. Conclusion: we found that using an oral appliance therapy and CPAP for 6 months may result in dental changes in OSAS patients, particularly an MAS appliance, where a TSD appliance showed less impact on occlusion.https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78682_e01b3d4d74368141489955924ef861b5.pdfEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X49June 201620160602CT evaluation of mandibular symphysis in different vertical and anterograde-posterior jaw relationships29477868310.21608/eos.2016.78683ENAtiaYousifOrthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt.HusseinSaudiDepartment of oral medicine, periodontology, diagnosis and radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt.Journal Article20160217 <br /> <span> </span><em>Introduction: The mandibular symphysis (MS) morphology results from the interplay of different genetic, non-genetic, vertical jaw relationships, inclination of the lower incisors and adaptive factors. The thickness of the alveolar process at the mandibular symphysis can be influenced by the facial growth pattern so the present study was designed to evaluate the (MS) dimensions in different vertical and horizontal jaws relationships. Material and Methods: A sample of 120 patients with age range from 11 to 13 years was divided into 6 groups according to ANB angle and SN to MP angle (CI: ANB between 0° and 4°; CIIDI ANB over 5°; CIII below 0°. Hypo-divergent: SN to Mp less than 29°. Hyper-divergent SN to Mp more than 36°). For each patient a CT of MS in the mid-sagittal plane was taken: (MS) widths, height and different inclination angles were measured by the CT machine integrated program. Results: hyper-divergent growth pattern showed highly significant differences between Class I, Class IID1 and Class III regarding perpendicular distance from Pg point to Id-Me line and the anterior inclination angles of the symphysis with Class III showed greater values than Class I and Class IID1 </em><em>while the middle symphysial width showed high significant difference between Class I and (Class IID1, Class III). Hypo-divergent growth pattern showed high significant differences between Class I, Class IID1 and Class III regarding perpendicular distance from Pg point to Id-Me line and the anterior inclination angles of the symphysis with Class IID1 showed the lowest values for the inclination angles while Class I showed the shortest distance from Pg point to Id-Me line. Conclusion: Significant differences were found between hypo and hyper divergent growth patterns regarding all MS dimensions except Id-B distance and upper symphysial width (Id-Id1) and Class III showed the greater inclination angles than Class I and Class IID1.</em>https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78683_6229dea493514a963c81eec52ebef719.pdfEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X49June 201620160602Evaluation of crown-root angulation of lateral incisor adjacent to impacted canines using panorama and CBCT49637868510.21608/eos.2016.78685ENNahlaGomaaOrthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Egypt.MohammedEllaithyOrthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, EgyptJournal Article20160226 <br /> <span> </span><em>Maxillary canines are the most commonly impacted teeth, second only to third molars. Maxillary canine impaction occurs in approximately 2% of the population and is twice as common in females as in males. Approximately one-third of impacted maxillary canines are located labially and two-thirds are located palatally. Lateral incisor demonstrates an important role in the etiology of palatally impacted canines. So, the objective of this study is to compare the difference in the shape of lateral incisor (crown-to-root angulation) adjacent to palatally and labially impacted canine using conventional 2D and 3D radiographs. Sample of this study consisted of 60 patients (32 females and 28 males) with a mean age of 13.94 years. For each subject, two sets of radiographs (panoramic and CBCT scan) had been obtained. These patients were divided into 2 groups: The first group consisted of 35 patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines; the second group consisted of 25 patients with labially impacted maxillary canines. The control group (third group) consisted of normally erupted maxillary canines (25 subjects). Crown to root angulations of lateral incisors were measured. t test for independent samples was used to assess the crown-root angulation of lateral incisors. The results revealed that There was </em><em>no significant difference for crown root angulation of lateral incisor between palatally and labially impacted canines groups using panoramic x-ray or CBCT (P=0.831, 0.395 respectively). Insignificant difference was found between panorama and CBCT in determining crown-root angulation of lateral incisor. In impacted canines groups, the roots of the adjacent lateral incisors were more angulated compared to those adjacent to normally erupted canines.</em>https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78685_9f84051d1dda45f806b3e72249ab3c3f.pdfEgyptian Orthodontic SocietyEgyptian Orthodontic Journal1110-435X49June 201620160602Does hydroxyapatite nanoparticles' addition improve enamel esthetics after brackets' debonding ?65837869110.21608/eos.2016.78691ENAbeerAbo El NagaOperative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.HanyEidOrthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Miser University for Science and Technology, 6th of October city, Egypt.AmrLabibOrthodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20160115 <br /> <span> </span><em>Objectives: To evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles’ addition and determine the utility role of CO2 laser in improving esthetics of enamel surfaces after debonding. Methods: 90 extracted human premolars were used. 10 teeth were used as a control group. Trans bond Plus Self Etching Primer with Trans bond Supreme Low Viscosity Light Cure Adhesive, 3M/Unitek, was used to bond the orthodontic brackets (NU-EDGE.022" ROTH RX.TP Orthodontics) to the labial enamel surfaces. All specimens were stored in artificial saliva for 6 months. Orthodontic brackets were then removed using bracket removing pliers (Ortho Organizers, Carlsbad, USA).Residual composite removed by Sof-Lex finishing discs. The 80 teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=20) according to the protocol of nanoparticles’ addition, 1) no nanoparticles were added, 2) nanoparticles suspended in water and rubbed on the dry enamel surface, 3) nanoparticles suspended in ethanol and rubbed on the etched enamel surface, and 4) nanoparticles suspended in bonding agent [Single Bond 2 adhesive (SB)] & rubbed on the etched enamel surface. Each group assigned into two subgroups (n=10) according to exposure to CO2 laser (9.6μm), where enamel of the first subgroup was irradiated at 3W; 20Hz; 4sec and </em><em>212J/cm2 while the other subgroup was not irradiated. The SE bonding agent was applied to the third group after its treatment. Specimens were tested for color changes using Quanta Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: highest mean color value was found with no particles. There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2. There was no difference between groups 3 and 4; both showed the statistically significant lowest mean color values. Meanwhile, no significant effect was found between laser and non-laser subgroups. Conclusions: the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles improved the enamel esthetics after brackets debonding.</em>https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78691_b02104bb7be16bcc3f8b555551698db1.pdf