@article { author = {Afify, Ahmed and El Bialy, Ahmed and Mahmoud, Yasser}, title = {Pain in orthodontic treatment in three different age groups}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {1-11}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79242}, abstract = {The feeling of pain as a result of orthodontic tooth movement is one of the most cited negative side effects associated with orthodontic treatment. Pain intensity ranges from a slight soreness to a severe constant, throbbing pain. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess pain experiences during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment in terms of level and duration. Also to relate these assessments to the different age ranges. The subject material comprised 45 female patients with an age range of 11 - 39 years with Class I, crowding. All patients were treated by extraction four first bicuspids with the Straight-wire technique 0.018''x 0.025" Roth prescription system. Subjects were divided into 3 equal groups based on their age. Following the placement and ligation of the first archwire (Nickel titanium 0.014" alloy archwire) subjective assessments of pain were made by means of a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) after two hours and then every 24 hours over the first 7-days. Results revealed the following: 1- All patients experienced pain during treatment. 2- Pain was initiated in the majority of cases after 2 hours and peaked after 24 hours in 100%of cases then descended by the third day. The feeling of pain as a result of orthodontic tooth movement is one of the most cited negative side effects associated with orthodontic treatment. Pain intensity ranges from a slight soreness to a severe constant, throbbing pain. The purpose of the present investigation was to assess pain experiences during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment in terms of level and duration. Also to relate these assessments to the different age ranges. The subject material comprised 45 female patients with an age range of 11 - 39 years with Class I, crowding. All patients were treated by extraction four first bicuspids with the Straight-wire technique 0.018''x 0.025" Roth prescription system. Subjects were divided into 3 equal groups based on their age. Following the placement and ligation of the first archwire (Nickel titanium 0.014" alloy archwire) subjective assessments of pain were made by means of a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) after two hours and then every 24 hours over the first 7-days. Results revealed the following: 1- All patients experienced pain during treatment. 2- Pain was initiated in the majority of cases after 2 hours and peaked after 24 hours in 100%of cases then descended by the third day.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79242.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79242_62c9e013d2d1024eaf7534fe9e60878b.pdf} } @article { author = {El Mehy, Ghada and El Bialy, Ahmed}, title = {Tongue volume in relation to dental arch configuration in mouth breathers}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {13-23}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79244}, abstract = {This study was designed to measure the tongue volume by a simplified method, and to evaluate the effects of tongue volume on both maxillary and mandibular dental arch lengths and widths. Forty children with a mean ages12 years old were selected for this study. The mouth breather group were consisted of 20 mouth breathing children, and the other 20 for the nasal breathing as a control group . The mouth breathers have an important character that the tongue is always restricted to the lower dental arch leaving the upper dental arch intact. So a comparative study was done to evaluate the effects of tongue volume on both arches in nasal breathing group (normal control group) and in mouth breathing group. It was found that the mean tongue volume in the mouth breathing group was 510.6 .with S.D +9.6 while for nasal breathing group was 523.4 with S.D + 10.3. Moderate to low or even negative correlations were found between the mouth breather tongue volumes and dental arch measurements especially in posterior region. Surprisingly there were no correlations recorded between tongue volume and dental arch measurements in nasal breathing group. So on the bases of the results obtained from this study it was found that there was variations of the effect of tongue volume on dental arch configuration in mouth breathing group if compared to the nasal breather group. Tongue impression method for dental casts could be considered as a reliable method for recording tongue volume.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79244.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79244_c6e52e96926cd25b5399716df2a9c433.pdf} } @article { author = {Afify, Ahmed}, title = {Extraction treatment and soft tissue facial profile}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {25-40}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79236}, abstract = {A harmonious soft-tissue facial profile is an important consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Extraction of premolar teeth sometimes is necessary to achieve the treatment goals. Facial soft tissue profile adaptation to incisors retraction is still controversial. This study was carried out to evaluate the response of soft tissue facial profile to maxillary and mandibular incisors retraction. Pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms of 30 patients, having bimaxillary dental protrusion, who required extraction of four first premolars, were traced, superimposed, and evaluated. All patients were treated with preadjusted straight wire appliances. All the subjects were females with a mean age of 16 years, 5 months to reduce variables caused by growth and sex differences. The Facial soft tissue profile was evaluated using a series of eight linear and angular measurements, and the effect of orthodontic correction was determined using paired t-tests, then Pearson r correlation analysis was done to calculate the correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that the extraction of four premolars greatly reduces soft tissue procumbency seen in patients with bimaxillary protrusion that were indicated by the significant post treatment changes for all of the soft tissue profile variables studied. Pearson r correlation analysis indicated that: - The Nasolabial angle, Lower lip retraction and Upper lip retraction correlates well with upper incisors retraction. - Lower lip retraction correlates well with lower incisors retraction. - Upper lip retraction correlates well with the lower lip retraction. - Labiomental angle does not show good correlation with upper incisors retraction. - Lower lip thickness does not correlate with upper incisors retraction. - Upper lip thickness showed poor correlation with Upper incisors retraction.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79236.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79236_c467fff24082310db87acad570dc0e73.pdf} } @article { author = {El Bialy, Ahmed and El Hawary, Yousry}, title = {Reaction of periodontium to orthodontic force in diabetic rats}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {41-52}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79232}, abstract = {This study was carried-out to evaluate the reaction of the periodontiume to orthodontic force in diabetic rats and to detect the nitric oxide with its tissue response during bone remodeling. The sample consisted of eighteen male albino rats at the beginning of the study and ended by sixteen rats due to sample decay. The sample was divided into two equal groups. The first group (8 rats) was used as non-diabetic controls. The second group (8 rats) served as the diabetic group and was treated by single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin*(STZ) with 50 Mg/Kg dissolved in citrate-buffered saline solution, (ph= 4.5). The orthodontic treatment was tried in many ways; a spring (one ounce force) was stretched between the two mandibular incisors to elicit expansion. The spring was designed in such a way that a helix was constructed in a single vertical loop and attached to the teeth by eyelets(14) . Then, different sizes of elastic separators retented by kobayashi ligatures. The specimens were taken, washed, fixed in fixative solution, put in EDTA for decalcification and after that prepared until reached to paraffin embedding. Specimens stained by haematoxilin and eosin(15), Mason's trichrome(16). And then the immunohistochemical staining of NOS . The diabetic group showed greater numbers of osteoclast cells in their lacuna indicating more bone resorption compared to non diabetic rats. In spite of highly expression of the NO in the pressure side of the diabetic group, it was founded with low reaction in the tension side. Depending on the results of this study, the diabetic rats showed greater bone resorption at the pressure side and retarded bone deposition at the tension side compared to the healthy rats. Hence, orthodontist should consider these results by using a very light force, increasing the gaps between visits, planning to decrease the range of tooth movement, monitoring the oral hygiene and sharing with patients physicians for controlling diabetes during orthodontic managements.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79232.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79232_d2ddd713db7db08b4481344225780e43.pdf} } @article { author = {Salama, Ahmed and El Mehy, Ghada}, title = {Effect of acidic soft drink on sealed enamel and bond strength of two orthodontic resins}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {53-61}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79234}, abstract = {The purpose of this current study was to evaluate the effect of acidic soft drink (Cola type) on etched and sealed enamel and bond strength of conventional chemical cure and fluoride releasing light cure orthodontic resins. Twenty extracted premolars were collected and part of the buccal surfaces were etched and then divided into two groups. The first group (n=10) was sealed with chemical cure and the second group (n=10) was sealed with fluoride releasing light cure resin and buttons were bonded. The teeth were prepared and exposed to cola, the sample was tested to evaluate the difference of shear bond strength of both groups, then the samples were examined under electron microscope scanning. The results indicated that enamel defect zones were observed in both groups, but the fluoride releasing groups was less than that of the chemical cure resin. Shear bond strength was significantly high in fluoride releasing group than that of the conventional chemical cure resin.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79234.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79234_1279bd25bfd949cd179bc959d5c15fdc.pdf} } @article { author = {Osman, Hisham and Afify, Ahmed}, title = {Bisphosphonate effects upon relapse of orthodontically moved teeth}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {63-77}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79223}, abstract = {This study was designed to identify the effects of bisphosphonate (BP) administration on structure and functions of osteoclasts in alveolar bone resorption during relapse after orthodontic movement of rat molars. Twenty four male rats were used in this study. To produce orthodontic force, elastic band was inserted between the upper first and second molars for 21 days. At one day before elastic band removal, bisphosphonate was administered intraperitoneally. After elastic band removal, the rats were further maintained for 0, 5 and 10 days. The distal relapse movement of the first molars was examined by means of light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In bisphosphonate-administered rats, there was a decrease in the distal relapse movement in comparison to the control group and the histological observations revealed reduction in osteoclasts aggregation along the alveolar bone surfaces opposite the pressure side of the periodontal ligament with degenerative structural changes especially at the fifth day. It was concluded that systemic administration of bisphosphonate decreases the initial relapse in experimentally moved rat molars through a mechanism involving impairment of the structure and resorptive functions of osteoclasts.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79223.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79223_49ecbb45d6f6fb64d87d64aa7b940107.pdf} } @article { author = {Fouda, Manal and Abdel Aziz, Hoda}, title = {Intermaxillary evaluation of the mesiodistal tooth configuration in patients with unilateral peg shape maxillary lateral incisor}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {80-90}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79238}, abstract = {Mesiodistal crown diameters were measured from twenty pairs of orthodontic pretreatment orthodontic study casts with unilateral peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors (group I). The control reference sample consisted of twenty pairs of orthodontic study casts with accepted occlusion (group II) matched with the peg-shaped sample according to age and sex. The age range was 14-26 years, both sex were included 11 female and 9 male. The statistical analysis showed an obvious reduction in mesiodistal size of intermaxillary tooth measurements in both sexes in group I. In comparing between the intermaxillary tooth size measurements in females showing peg shape maxillary lateral incisor and control female group, a highly significant reduction in lateral incisors and significant reduction in central incisors, canine and 1st premolar in the upper arch was recorded. Also, a significant reduction in canine and 2nd premolar was observed in the lower arch. However, in comparing between the intermaxillary tooth size measurements in males showing peg shape maxillary lateral incisor and control male group, in the upper arch, a highly significant reduction in lateral incisors and first and second premolars and significant reduction in central incisors, canine was observed. Furthermore, a highly significant reduction was recorded in central and lateral incisors and also first and second premolars, while the canine reported a significant reduction in the lower arch. Significant reduction was found in most of the measurements in female than male in gender comparisons for group 1 subgroups, especially upper premolars The importance of tooth size reduction in orthodontic diagnosis was determined because the relationship between the upper and lower anterior and posterior dentitions is related to orthodontic finishing excellence. The results of the current investigation are of great value in confirming the presence of intermaxillary mesiodistal tooth size reduction in patients showing unilateral pegshaped maxillary lateral incisors. Also this will allow orthodontists to gain insight into the functional and esthetic outcome of a given case.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79238.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79238_a70b0c3e333554a0548576eb6738ce19.pdf} } @article { author = {Fouda, Maher and El Bialy, Ahmed and Mahmoud, Yasser and El Mehy, Ghada}, title = {Dentofacial changes associated with uniarch extraction treatment of class II malocclusion}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {29}, number = {June 2006}, pages = {92-104}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2006.79246}, abstract = {This study was carried-out to evaluate the changes of the dental and skeletal variables accompanied with the uni-arch extraction treatment of Class II div 1 malocclusions. The sample of this study was consisted of twelve female patients at the beginning of treatment and ended by ten patients due to sample decay. Full fixed edgewise appliances were fitted, and then the upper canines were retracted after two weeks from upper first premolars extraction. The upper incisors were retracted using closing arches with high pull headgears. The lower arches were treated without extraction, just aligned and finished. For each patient pre and post orthodontic casts and lateral cephalometric roentgenograms were taken. The collected data were managed using SPSS statistical program to get Paired test. The outcome revealed decrease in the maxillary arch perimeters (t-value=-17.08), increase the mean changes of upper inter-canine widths(t-value=4,4 ) and significant reduction in both the overjet as well as the overbite as measured on the casts. The maxillary cephalometric changes were significantly decreased, SNA Angle, effective maxillary length and inclination of upper incisors relative to FH plane. These changes were not significant for the lower arch except the IMPA angle. The maxillary/ mandibular relationships were also affected as there were significant reduction in both ANB angle and overjet.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79246.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_79246_38ea009449b5fbfc2d65febb74892675.pdf} }