@article { author = {Mowafy, Mohamed}, title = {Effect of lip positions on facial profile attractiveness in different Angle's classes of Egyptian males}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {35}, number = {June 2009}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2009.78794}, abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate Egyptian male profile attractiveness perception among lay females in different Angle`s classifications with different anteroposterior lip positions. Methods: An 18 years old adult Egyptian male whose Lateral Cephalometric readings all were within the first standard deviation of Alexandria analysis was chosen. His lateral profile images were digitally manipulated to produce 27 pictures representing class I, II and III with different anteroposterior lip and nose relations. The images were rated on a 1-27 point score system by 100 females (15-30 years). Comparison among the different classes was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post hoc test for pair wise comparison. The same tests were used to compare across the different lip/nose positions in each class. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses. Results and conclusions: Class III profile was perceived as the most attractive, while class II was the least with class I in between. Generally a preference towards protrusive profiles over retrusive ones was noted in all classes. In class I the nose position had a more effect on profile attractiveness than lip position. In class II there was more tolerance to nose and lip position. Finally class III showed high sensitivity as regards lip position as any lip retrusion was considered highly unattractive.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78794.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78794_7f92d190dcc01b45b7fc347e9a2f7e9e.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Ali and Alansari, Reem}, title = {Perception of different facial characteristics by Saudis}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {35}, number = {June 2009}, pages = {15-29}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2009.78795}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to identify the most attractive lip prominence and lower face height in different facial profiles based on the perception of Saudi Arabian laypersons living in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Lateral photographs of 10 Saudi adult subjects with well proportioned faces were presented to a panel of orthodontists and general dentists to choose the most attractive profiles. Photographs were taken using a standardized method for all subjects and were edited and converted into negatives. A male and a female subject were selected as the supernormal sample. Four sets of normal profiles were generated for each of the supernormal subjects by manipulating lip prominence, chin position and lower face height and then presented randomly to lay people to rank each set of pictures in an order of attractiveness and to fill out a simple questionnaire. The percentages of the most acceptable facial features were calculated, ranked and compared using the chi square test (p<0.05). The most attractive lip prominence was the average (39.2%) in the orthognathic facial type, the protrusive (39.3%) in the prognathic facial type and the retrusive (56.5%) in the retrognathic facial type. The most attractive lower face height was the shortest (39.3%) in female. In male, however, the three lower face heights were almost the same with no clear  preference. In conclusion, Saudis seem to prefer average but not protrusive lips in orthognathic faces, retrusive lips in the retrognathic faces and protrusive lips in prognathic faces. Minor changes in the lower face height seem less 15observable by lay people.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78795.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78795_4431d147062e8f075dd6800bed748d85.pdf} } @article { author = {El.Gemeay, Walaa and EL-Kadi, Abbadi and Refaat, Waleed}, title = {Low profile brackets versus conventional type, an in vitro study of shear bond strength}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {35}, number = {June 2009}, pages = {31-39}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2009.78796}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of the low profile brackets versus conventional brackets. Forty extracted human premolars were bonded with four types of metallic orthodontic brackets from two manufacturers Mini Master Series and Low Profile (LP) Mini Master Series****, Mini Taurus and Integra*****. The low profile brackets of each manufacturer were compared to the conventional brackets. The chemical adhesive system (Rely .a. bond) was used to bond all the brackets to the teeth. The shear bond strength was tested by using an Instron universal testing machine. The results showed that the Low profile brackets have significantly higher shear bond strength than the Conventional brackets}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78796.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {Nassar, Essam}, title = {Shear bond strength of two different antibacterial adhesive systems an in vitro study}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {35}, number = {June 2009}, pages = {41-51}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2009.78797}, abstract = {Objective: to evaluate the effect of addition of two antibacterial agents on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets. Material and methods: thirty non carious human maxillary premolars teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups 1, 2 and 3 each of 10 teeth. In group 1 orthodontic bracket were bonded to teeth with Transbond XT and served as control group. In group 2, brackets were bonded using 2.5% w/w cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) added to Transbond XT adhesive system. Meanwhile, in group 3, a fluoride releasing antibacterial self etching primer Clearfil Protect Bond was used with Transbond XT system. The load required to debond brackets was measured by universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. Results: Mean shear bond strengths were 10.75 MPa for group 1, 9.44 MPa for group 2 and 8.96 MPa for group 3.One way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between three groups (p<0.05). Multiple comparisons Tuckey HSD showed a significant difference between group 1 and both 2 and 3 (p<0.05) while there was no significant difference between group2 and 3(p>0.05). Cohesive failure was the predominant bond failure pattern (ARI score 2 and 3).Also, there was no significant difference in the failure sites between the three groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Despite the significant reduction in the bond strength of antibacterial modified adhesive systems; Transbond XT with 2.5%CPC and Transbond XT with Clearfil Protect Bond, they still provide sufficient bond strength and could be used for orthodontic bonding taking into consideration their antibacterial benefits.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78797.html}, eprint = {} } @article { author = {Labib, Amr and Essawy, B}, title = {Establishment of arch forms for upper Egypt population}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {35}, number = {June 2009}, pages = {67-80}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2009.78807}, abstract = {Objectives: Establishment of upper and lower arch forms for subjects from pure races in Upper Egypt. Material: 400 adolescent males with full permanent sets and having accepted normal occlusion were selected for this study. Methods: upper & lower models were prepared, scanning and digitization were carried out using tracer version 2.1.39 Nile Delta company soft ware designed for this study. Five independent ratios were calculated for each upper and lower arch in order to characterize the different arch forms. Means clustering method was used for classification of the arch forms. Results: For maxillary arch 3 arch forms were distinguished; wide, pointed and square. The same forms represented the mandibular arch. For maxillary arch; wide and pointed arch forms showed higher percentages than square arch form. In the mandibular arch; wide arch forms showed the highest percentages.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78807.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78807_d0ec82b4cd970523444bd9970de9a04c.pdf} } @article { author = {Kassem, Hassan and Mowafy, Mohamed and El-Kenany, Walid and Yousef, Amal}, title = {The effect of force decay on root resorption and repair}, journal = {Egyptian Orthodontic Journal}, volume = {35}, number = {June 2009}, pages = {81-103}, year = {2009}, publisher = {Egyptian Orthodontic Society}, issn = {1110-435X}, eissn = {2812-5258}, doi = {10.21608/eos.2009.78800}, abstract = {Objective: To study the effect of force decay on the processes of resorption and repair of root surface. Methods and Materials: Twenty one prospective patients requiring the extraction of mandibular first premolars were recruited according to strict selection criteria. The participants were assigned to three groups according to the period of force application – a five-, seven- and nine-week group. The first premolar on one side was selected at random. An experimental orthodontic appliance was used to deliver 75 cN of buccal tipping intrusive force using NiTi coil spring. The force was not reactivated. At the end of the experiment, the first premolars were extracted. Seven randomly selected non-moved contralateral premolars served as control. The test and control premolars were examined using scanning electron microscope. Results: Significantly less surface resorption was registered in the five-week test group. The seven-week and nine-week test group showed no statistically significant difference in surface resorption. Apical resorption scores were strongly associated with the experimental periods. Only partial repair of resorption lacunae was evident in the seven- and nine-week group, involving both cellular and acellular cementum. Seven weeks appeared to be sufficient for the process of root resorption to cease, however a nine-week period did not seem long enough for reparative cementum to overlay the resorption lacunae. Conclusion: Using a similar force system, an initial force less than 75 cN or an activation cycle longer than 9 weeks would allow for more repair of resorption lacunae.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78800.html}, eprint = {https://eos.journals.ekb.eg/article_78800_3f55790bbd553dfca87345ee209da01f.pdf} }